如何准确运用短语是一个让孩子们头疼的问题,繁多的动词、介词短语,很多短语意思往往与原动词、介词词意大相径庭,很容易混淆。在我们学校英语考试中,这些看似不起眼的短语往往失分最普遍。
首先,我们可以把一些容易混淆的短语进行分类集中、摘录比较。
例如,根据平时做题的经验或者大纲词汇要求,在笔记本上整理出现频率高、短语搭配多并且容易混淆的中心词,比如介词中的“at”、“in”、“as”,动词中的“put”、“get”、“take”等等。
在整理短语时,要注意筛选那些常用的、易混淆的,而不是所有短语都整理出来,给自己增加负担而且效果并不好。
另外,相似的短语最好整理在一起,造句时尽量取意思相近的句子来比较,这样容易看出差别。
最后,按上述方法将整理好短语后,一定要经常复习,复习一般不需要花很长的的时间,抓住零散时间,或者在做题时看看就可以了。
下面我总结了初中英语易混淆的必备短语,供家长们参考:
A. put 短语
- put up 举起,挂起,搭建
- put on 穿上,戴上,上演
- put away 把—放好
- put off 推迟,推延
- put down 把—放下,记下
- put out 扑灭,伸出
- put into 把...放进...,把...译成...
- put one's heart into 全神贯注于...
B. look 短语
- look at 看......
- look for 寻找
- look up 查阅,向上看
- look out 向外看,小心
- look over 仔细检查
- look after 照顾,照料
- look like 看起来像
- look through 浏览
- look into 向—里看
- look around 环顾四周
- look forward to 期盼,期待
- look ahead 向前看
C. get 短语
- get up 起床
- get off 下车
- get on 上车,相处,进展
- get over 克服,恢复,原谅
- get back 回来,返回
- get through 接通电话
- get along 进展,相处
- get into 陷入...
- get out 出去,离开
- get together 相聚
- get ready for 为...做准备
- get married 结婚
- get in the way 碍事,挡道
- get to 到达 D. give 短语
- give up 放弃
- give out 分发
- give away 赠送,分发
- give back 归还
E. think 短语 1.think of 想起,认为 2.think up想出,提出 3.think about考虑 4.think over仔细考虑
F. take 短语
- take up 占据(时间,空间)
- take after 与(父母等)相像
- take place 发生
- take care 小心,当心
- take off 脱下,起飞
- take out 拿出,取出
- take away 拿走,带走
- take down 取下
- take it easy 从容,不紧张
- take care of 照顾,照料
- take a rest 休息一下
- take a shower 洗澡
- take part in 参加
- take pride in 对...感到自豪
- take a photo 拍照
- take turns 轮流,依次
- take an interest in 对...感兴趣
- take a vacation 去度假
- take medicine 服药
- take an action 采取行动
- take a taxi 打的
- take one's advice 接受某人的建议
G. keep 短语
- keep on 继续
- keep out 不让...进入,挡住
- keep off 使—不踏入
- keep away from 远离...
- keep...down 控制,抑制
- keep healthy/fit 保持健康
- keep from 隐瞒
- keep doing sth 一直做某事
- keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
- keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
- keep up 坚持,保持
- keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系 H. turn 短语
- turn on 打开
- turn off 关闭
- turn up 调大,放大
- turn down 调小,关小
- turn over 翻转过来
- turn left/right 向左转/向右转
I. make 短语
- make up 编造,杜撰,构成,组成
- make a noise 吵闹
- make a decision 做决定
- make room for 为----腾地方
- make a face 做鬼脸
- make mistakes 犯错误
- make the bed 铺床
- make friends 交朋友
- make a living 谋生,度日
- make money 赚钱
- make progress 取得进步
- make it 约定,成功,及时赶到
- make sure 务必,确保
- make a plan 制定计划
- make a telephone call 打电话
- make up one’s mind 下决心
- make sb feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归
- make a contribution to 为...做贡献
J. come 短语
- come over 顺便来访
- come true 实现,达到
- come out 出来,开放,出版
- come on 加油,来吧
- come back 回来
- come up with 想出,提出
- come in 进来
- come along 出现,发生,来到
- come from 来自,产自
- come across 遇见,(偶然)发现 K. on 短语
- on duty 值日,值班
- on time 准时,按时
- on foot 步行
- on vacation 度假
- on sale 销售,出售
- on TV 在电视里
- on display 展出,陈列
- on board 在船上
- on the Internet 在网上
- on the radio 在收音机里
- on one’s way 在—的路上
- on weekends 在周末
- on the other hand 另一方面
- on the left/right 在左边/右边
- on the phone 用电话交谈,在通话
- on the wall 在墙上
- depend on 依靠,依赖,取决于
- get on 上车,相处,进展
- work on 从事,忙于,演算
- put on 穿上,戴上
- turn on 打开
- try on 试穿,试戴
- pass on 传递
- hold on 稍等片刻
- go on 继续
- decide on 决定
- concentrate on 专心,专注
- live on 以...为生
- spend...on 在...花费
- come on 加油,来吧
L. in 短语
- in all 总共,共计
- in class 在班上
- in English 用英语
- in short 总之,简言之
- in a hurry 匆忙
- in the end 最后,终于
- in the future 在将来
- in time 及时
- in fact 事实上,实际上
- in bed 在床上
- in hospital 住院
- in the way 碍事的,挡道的
- in this way 这样
- in red 穿着红衣服
- in danger 处于危险中
- in trouble 处于困境中
- in a minute 立刻,马上
- in surprise 惊奇地,惊讶地
- in public 当众,公开
- in general 大体上,一般而言,通常
- in common 共有的,公有的
- in style 时尚的
- in good health 身体健康
- in front of 在...前面
- in the sun 在阳光下
- in the past few years 在过去几年时间里
- in order to 为了
- in the past 在过去
- do well in 在...方面干得好
- major in 专修,主修
- be interested in 对...感兴趣
- take part in 参加
- be weak in 在...差
- take pride in 以...而自豪 35.hand in 上交,交纳
- arrive in 到达(大地点)
M. at 短语
- at once 立刻,马上
- at least 至少
- at most 最多
- at last 最后
- at home 在家
- at noon 在中午
- at night 在夜晚
- at times 有时,偶尔
- at school 在上学
- at table 在吃饭
- at present 目前,现在
- at work 在工作
- at all 全然,根本
- at the age of 在...岁时
- at the end of 在...结尾
- at the moment 此刻,现在
- at the same time 同时
- at first 首先
- aim at 旨在,目的是
- knock at 敲击
- look at 看着
- shout at 叫喊,叫嚷
- point at 指着
- arrive at 到达
- be good at 对...干得好
- be angry at 对...生气
- be surprised at对...感到惊讶
- laugh at 嘲笑
- arrive at (小地点)
N. up 短语
- give up 放弃
- take up 占据,占去,从事
- put up 举起,挂起,张贴,搭建
- set up 建立,创立
- open up 打开,开阔
- dress up 乔装打扮
- stay up 熬夜,不睡觉
- wake up 醒来,唤醒,叫醒
- look up 向上看,查阅
- cheer up 使...振作
- end up 以...结束,结果为...
- go up 升起,上升
- hurry up 赶快
- use up 用光,用完
- show up 出席,露面
- stand up 起立,站起来
- make up 编造,构成,化妆
- think up 想出,提出
- cut up 切碎
- pick up 捡起,乘搭便车
- mix up 混合
- call up 打电话
- grow up 成长,长大
- ring up 打电话
- clean up 把...打扫干净
- fix up 修理,修补
- get up 起床
- keep up 保持,坚持
- fill up 装满
- send up 发射
O. out 短语
- give out 给出,分发
- hand out 分发
- hang out 闲逛
- break out 爆发
- sell out 卖完,售完
- look out 向外看,小心
- go out 出去,熄灭
- put out 伸出去,熄灭,扑灭
- keep out 不使...进入
- find out 查明,弄清
- run out 用完,用尽
- take out 拿出,取出,带出
- clean out 把...打扫干净,清除
- come out 出来,开放,出版
- work out 产生结果,算出
- point out 指出
- help sb out 帮助某人解决困难
- get out 出去,离开 P. off 短语
- get off 下车
- put off 推迟,拖延
- take off 脱下,起飞
- go off 发出响声,离开
- turn off 关闭
- cut off 切断
- set off 激起,引起,出发
- break off 突然中止,中断
- keep off 远离,使—不踏入
- run off 迅速离开,跑掉
- be off 离开,走开
- fall off 落下,从...掉下
- show off 炫耀,卖弄
Q. for短语
- wait for 等待
- look for 寻找
- pay for 为...付款
- care for 关心,照料
- stand for 代表
- leave for 动身去某地
- ask for 请求,要求
- prepare for 为...做准备
- provide...for 为...提供
- thanks for 为...而感谢...
- get ready for 为...做准备
- be famous for 因...而闻名
- be good for 对...有益
- be bad for 对...有害
- be late for 迟到
- be used for 用来做... R. with 短语
- agree with 同意
- play with 与...玩,玩弄
- share with 与...分享...
- come up with 想出,提出
- end up with 以...而结束
- fight with 与...打架
- catch/catch up with 赶上
- be filled with ...里装满...
- deal/do with 对付,处理
- provide...with 为...提供
- begin start with 以...开始
- get along/on well with 与...相处得融洽
- argue with 与...争吵
- with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
- with the light on 开着灯
- quarrel with 与...吵架
- be busy with 忙于...
- be angry with sb 生某人的气
- be strict with sb 对某人严格要求
- be popular with 深受...的喜欢
- fall in live with 爱上...
- help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 23.compare...with 与...相比
S. about 短语
- talk about 谈论,讨论
- worry about 担心
- care about 关心,担心
- learn about 了解关于...
- think about 考虑
- be excited about 对...感到兴奋
- be nervous about 对...紧张
- be serious about 对...是认真的
- complain about 埋怨,抱怨
T. of 短语
- be afraid of 害怕...
- be tired of 厌倦...
- be sure of 确信...
- be made of 由...做成
- be terrified of 害怕...
- be fond of 喜欢...
- be careful of 小心...,当心...
- be full of ...里装满...
- be proud of 以...而自豪
- be confident of 对...有信心
- take care of 照顾,照料
- think of 考虑,认为,想起
- hear of 听说
- remind of 使某人想起...
- dream of 梦想
- run out of 用完,用光
- look out of 向...外看
- because of 因为, 由于
- instead of 代替,而不是
- plenty of 大量的,充足的
- kind of 稍微,有点
- all kinds of 各种各样的
- the number of ...的数量
- a number of 许多
- hundreds of 数百...
- thousands of 成千上万的
- in front of 在...的前面
- at the end of 在...的尽头,在...末尾
- a pair of 一双/副/条...
- a piece of 一片/块/条/则...
- a a set of 一副/串
- a lot of 许多,好多
U. be+adj/过去分词+介词
- be interested in 对...感兴趣
- be surprised at 对...感到惊讶
- be famous for 因...而闻名
- be good at 擅长于...
- be angry with/at 生...的气
- be worried about 担心...
- be strict with/in 对...要求严格
- be proud of 以...而自豪
- be ready for 为...做准备
- be busy with 忙于...
- be popular with 深受...的喜爱
- be nervous about 对...感到紧张
- be excited about 对...感到兴奋
- be similar to 与...相似
- be different from 与...不同
- be filled with ...里装满...
- be used to 习惯于...
- be afraid of 害怕...
- be good for 对...有益
- be bad for 对...有害
- be friendly to 对...友好
- be relaxed about 对...感到放松
- be covered with 被...所覆盖
- be crazy about 热衷于...
- be fond of 喜欢...
- be terrified of 害怕...
- be full of ...里充满...
- be made of ...由...做成
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